Twelve new species of Anolis were described in 2016.

Anolis is the largest genus of lizards with more than 416 described species. Eight new species
were described by Kohler and Hedges (2016) 
Anolis chlorodius, Hispaniola
revising the green anoles of Hispaniola. Using morphological and molecular genetic data the authors recognize 16 species of green anoles on the island, eight of which they describe as new species (A. apletolepis, A. chlorodius, A. divius, A. eladioi, A. gonavensis, A. leucodera, A. prasinorius, and A. viridius). Three other species were raised from subspecific to species level (A. cyanostictus, A. demissus and A. pecuarius) and one was resurrected from synonymy with A. chlorocyanus (A. peynadoi).

Another new anole from Hispaniola, Anolis landestoyi, was described by Mahler et al. (2016). The new species, named Anolis landestoyi, was found in the Dominican 
Anolis landestoyi, Hispaniola
Republic but bears a strong resemblance to Cuba’s Chamaeleolis anoles.  Chamaeleolis anoles look less like typical anoles and more like chameleons: large, cryptic, slow-moving, and prone to clinging to lichen-covered branches high in forest canopies. Anolis landestoyi is restricted to a unique habitat only found in a small area in the western Dominican Republic that is rapidly disappearing due to illegal deforestation.

Two new anoles from Mexico were described by Köhler et al. (2016). Anolis (Norops) mccraniei occurs at elevations of 200–1,740 m throughout much of Honduras (except for the Atlantic slopes of the Cordillera Nombre de Dios
 in northern Honduras), as well as in extreme 
Anolis purpuronectes, Oaxaca, Mexico
northwestern El Salvador, northern Nicaragua, and eastern Guatemala. Anolis (Norops) wilsoni is restricted to the Atlantic slopes of the Cordillera Nombre de Dios in the departments of Atlántida and Colón in northern Honduras, at elevations from near sea level to 980 m.

The semi-aquatic Anolis purpuronectes was described by Gray, et al. 2016 from the western portion of the Chimalapas region in extreme northeastern Oaxaca and adjacent southeastern Veracruz, Mexico. They found this lizard sleeping on low vegetation within one metre of a stream, on boulders or logs in or along streams; on boulders, logs, or wet leaf litter; or within boulder crevices near small waterfalls. The type locality is a corridor of closed-canopy forest surrounded by highly disturbed areas.

Citations

Gray L, Meza-Lázaro R, Poe S, de Oca AN. A new species of semiaquatic Anolis (Squamata: Dactyloidae) from Oaxaca and Veracruz, Mexico. 2016. The Herpetological Journal. 26(4):253-62.

Köhler G, Hedges SB. 2016. A revision of the green anoles of Hispaniola with description of eight new species (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae). Novitates Caribaea 9: 1-135. E-print

Köhler G, Townsend JH, Petersen CB. 2016. A taxonomic revision of the Norops tropidonotus complex (Squamata, Dactyloidae), with the resurrection of N. spilorhipis (Álvarez del Toro and Smith, 1956) and the description of two new species. Mesoamerican Herpetology. 3:8-41.

Mahler DL, Lambert SM, Geneva AJ, Ng J, Hedges SB, Losos JB, Glor RE. 2016.  Discovery of a Giant Chameleon-Like Lizard (Anolis) on Hispaniola and Its Significance to Understanding Replicated Adaptive Radiations. The American Naturalist. 188(3):357-64.